Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a paracrine protein encoded by the HGF gene. HGF gene is present on chromosome 7. HGF is motility, cellular growth, and morphogenic factor. Even though HGF is a part of the plasminogen subfamily of S1 peptidase, it does not have any protease activity. HGF is a single inactive polypeptide, and serine proteases cleave it into a 69-kilodalton α-chain and 34-kilodalton β-chain. A disulfide bond formed between the αβ-chain creates an active heterodimeric protein.
Mesenchymal cells secrete HGF, which upon release, acts primarily on the endothelial and epithelial cells and to a lesser extent on the T cells and hemopoietic progenitor cells. Studies suggest HGF plays a vital role in organ development in embryos, wound healing, and organ regeneration in adults.
When you search for ‘What is HGF’ online, you will get results for HGF cell, HGF protein, hematopoietin-A, or scatter factor.
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We use MSD, ELISA, and Luminex assays to detect HGF protein levels in human cell lysates, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatants, and tissue lysates. Here, we explain a Sandwich ELISA-based colorimetric assay used at NorthEast Biolabs to quantitate HGF protein.
We begin the HGF test with a 100 μl standard or sample in each well precoated with anti-HGF antibody and incubate it for 2.5 hr at RT or O/N at 4 ℃. Post-incubation, we introduce 100 μl of biotinylated detection antibody and incubate it for 1 hr at RT. We then add 100 μl of streptavidin-conjugated HRP in each well and incubate it for 45 mins at RT. Later we add 100 μl of TMB one-step substrate reagent and incubate it for 30 mins at RT. Last, 50 μl of stop solution is added to end the reaction and read at 450 nm immediately.
This ELISA assay is quantitative and shows no reactivity with other tested cytokines. This assay can also determine a minimum level of 3 pg/ml. Moreover, the assay is highly precise with an intra-assay precision of <10% and inter-assay precision of <12%.
Dihexia is a small active compound that binds to HGF protein and increases its potency to activate the c-MET receptor. Research suggests HGF growth factor can be a prognostic biomarker for helping to identify acute phase of the bowel inflammation and hypertension. HGF is efficient in producing neurons and therefore is a key domain of focus in the treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.
To learn more about HGF and its biological role or the bio HGF forte uses and HGF tests, explore the resources below.
http://www.hgf.com/
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HGF
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00503/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3082
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HGF
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The binding of HGF protein to T cell c-MET receptors upregulates CXCR3, c-MET, and CCR4 and facilitates its entry into heart tissues. Once HGF binds to the c-MET receptor, it activates the tyrosine kinase-signaling cascade and regulates cell motility, cell growth, and morphogenesis. HGF is a multifunctional cytokine and because of its ability to induce mitogenesis and matrix invasion, it plays a crucial part in tumorigenesis, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis.
Research has shown HGF’s implications in oncogenesis. HGF interacts with HGFR, a c-MET oncogene protein product. Simultaneous expression of HGF-ligand results in both the autocrine activation of Met/HGFR and the overexpression of Met/HGFR receptors. Studies associate this simultaneous expression with oncogenesis. HGF interacts with dermatan sulfate and sulfate-glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate. This interaction forms an HGF/c-MET complex that induces intracellular signals for HGF cell migration and cell division.
Research is well underway to exploit cardiomyocyte’s HGF plasmid DNA therapy for treating coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. HGF promotes angiogenesis and may help detect the chronicity of arthralgia. HGF are shown to stimulate normal development of mammary glands, and studies link its over-expression in the breasts with macromastia. Studies associate HGF with several cancers, including the pancreas, colon, lungs, thyroid, and breast.