Interferon Beta or IFN B or IFN β is a human cytokine encoded by the IFNB1 gene. IFN B belongs to the Interferon type I family that regulates the immune system in humans. They are present in all mammals. IFN B has anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral properties responsible for innate immune responses. In response to antiviral activity, fibroblasts which are the most common cell types of connective tissues, produce large quantities of IFN B proteins. There are two subtypes of IFN B proteins: IFNB1 and IFNB3. IFN B binds to the IFN-α/β receptor, a cell surface receptor complex comprising two chains, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2.
The MIF protein is an inflammatory cytokine. Upon bacterial invasion, WBC’s release MIF into circulation. These MIF proteins bind to the CD74 receptors on other cells of the immune system and orchestrate an acute immune response. Besides, glucocorticoids stimulate WBCs to secrete MIF protein that partially counteracts glucocorticoids’ inhibitory effects on the immune system. Thus, MIF suppresses the anti-inflammatory effects and aids macrophage functions in the host defense mechanism.
When you search for “What is Interferon Beta?” you will find its trade names or aliases – Interferon Beta-1alpha, Avonex, Rebif, Betaferon, and Plegridy.
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We, at NorthEast BioLabs, perform human IFN B assays to suit your desired testing parameters via Luminex, MSD, and ELISA. In this in-vitro quantitative detection assays, we detect human plasma or serum or cell culture organizations and supernatant in both natural and recombinant IFN β concentrations. Following is an ELISA protocol that uses the Double Antibody Sandwich Technique.
We use a pre-coated human IFN B antibody and biotin-labeled polyclonal antibody for detection. We introduce both biotin-labeled antibodies and samples into ELISA plate wells precoated with antibodies against IFN B and then wash them with TBS or PBS. Then we add Streptavidin-peroxidase which binds to the biotinylated antibodies. Plates are washed with TBS or PBS thoroughly. We then use TMB substrate which peroxidase catalyses conversion of TMB to blue. Followed by which the reaction is stopped by adding sulphuric acid which converts the blue into yellow under acidic action. We then correlate the color depth with amount of IFN B present in the samples.
This Quantitative Sandwich assay has a detection range of 1000 pg/ml to 15.6 pg/ml with a sensitivity of up to 5 pg/ml. The assay has an intra-assay precision of < = 8% and inter-assay precision of < = 12%.
Interferon beta-1a (trade names: Rebif and Avonex) and Interferon beta 1b (trade names: Betaferon/Betaseron) are cytokines in the Interferon family that are used to control and treat multiple sclerosis. Mammalian cells produce interferon beta-1a, whereas modified E. coli produces Interferon beta-1b. These drugs may reduce attacks in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and slow the disease activity and progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Explore the resources below, to know more about IFN B, human IFN B ELISA, IFNΒ gene and its biological role.
https://www.medicinenet.com/interferon/article.htm
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-37/interferon-alfa-2b-injection/details
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/interferon
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd2422
https://www.britannica.com/science/interferon
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In response to a viral infection, IFN B stimulates both NK cells and macrophages. The Interferon function involve the IRF3/IRF7 pathways, which also have antitumor activity. Interferons interact with the IFN-α/β receptors and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription complexes (STAT complexes) that regulate the gene expression of the immune system. Type I IFNs typically play a critical role in inducing gene expression via the IFN-γ activation site (GAS) or IFN-stimulated regulatory element (ISRE).
In response to an antigen intrusion, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, more commonly known as natural IFN producing cells are the most potent type I IFN producers. IFN Beta 1a studies in mice have shown to inhibit immune cell production. The inhibition of growth factors decreases tumor growth and blocks the production of vessel-producing growth factors, eventually hindering tumor angiogenesis.