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                                                              • BNP Biomarker Assay Testing

                                                              Brain natriuretic peptide

                                                              • Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/ ventricular natriuretic peptide is secreted by cardiac cells
                                                              • BNP promotes fluid retention and volume expansion in the veins and arteries and causes the heart to stretch and pump more blood.
                                                              • BNP is a biomarker of congestive heart failure
                                                              • BNP can be assayed using ELISA, MSD or Luminex
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                                                              Click below for answers to your BNP Biomarker Study questions-
                                                              • What is BNP?
                                                                What is BNP?
                                                              • What are BNP Functions and Effects?
                                                                What are BNP Functions and Effects?
                                                              • How do we perform BNP lab test?
                                                                How do we perform BNP lab test?
                                                              • Where could I learn more about BNP Assay?
                                                                Where could I learn more about BNP Assay?

                                                              What is BNP?

                                                              An Introduction to Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

                                                              Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also referred to as ventricular natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by the human heart. Cardiomyocytes or cardiac muscles in the left ventricle secrete BNP. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body and therefore controls blood pressure and volume.

                                                              BNP is a moiety of a precursor protein, pro-BNP. The heart continuously produces pro-BNP. An enzyme Corin splits pro-BNP and releases two moieties, a 32-amino acid polypeptide active hormone BNP and a non-active 76-amino acid N-terminal prohormone NT-proBNP (also abbreviated as BNPT). In response to increased ventricular blood volume, the heart releases larger quantities of BNP and NT-proBNP. An increase in BNP and NT-proBNP facilitates fluid retention and volume expansion in the veins and arteries and causes the heart to stretch and pump more blood.

                                                              Research has associated both BNP and NT-proBNP with congestive heart failure, which is best tested by a B type natriuretic peptide test. BNP and NT-proBNP plasma concentrations are typically high in symptomatic and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction patients.

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                                                              EGF Functions and Effects

                                                              What are BNP Functions and Effects?

                                                              Understanding the functions and effects of BNP

                                                              Dyspnea i.e., trouble in breathing, is a hallmark symptom of heart failure. Several conditions such as lung, liver, or kidney disorders may also cause dyspnea. Scientists and researchers use the B type natriuretic peptide to confirm heart failure. Therefore, testing BNP levels by lab specialists is essential to confirm the underlying reasons for the symptoms.

                                                              The heart secretes b type natriuretic peptide or BNP in response to increased ventricular blood volume and pressure. This promotes natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and decreases the central venous pressure and systemic vascular resistance. As BNP decreases the systemic vascular resistance, the blood pressure is decreased. Moreover, as the central venous pressure decreases, BNP eventually lowers the overall cardiac output. Cardiac muscles of the left ventricle secretes BNP, therefore high levels of BNP affect the functioning of the heart and may show left ventricular dysfunction.

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                                                              How do we perform BNP lab test?

                                                              Protocols we follow to perform BNP tests

                                                              Researchers consider BNP levels as an excellent biomarker for cardiovascular conditions. We, at NorthEast BioLabs, perform BNP and NT-proBNP tests to suit your desired testing parameters via MSD, Luminex, and ELISA. The pro BNP lab test assays use human plasma, serum, or culture supernatant and cell/tissue lysate samples.

                                                              Following is a typical Lumiex based protocol to assay B Type Natriuretic Peptide or BNP.

                                                              • Serum matrix/culture media
                                                              • Beads are added to all the wells and incubated for 16-18 hours at 4°C. These beads capture the analyte from the sample.
                                                              • After incubation, plates are placed on magnetic plate washer and all the contents from the wells are removed and washed with a wash buffer. The next step is introducing a biotinylated antibody to detect the analyte and incubated for 1hr at RT.
                                                              • Further, the process involves incubating it with Streptavidin-Phycoerythrin, a reporter molecule to complete the reaction.
                                                              • At the end of this incubation, plates are washed as before on magnetic plate.
                                                              • We then follow it up by adding drive fluid or sheath fluid and resuspending the beads for 5 mins.
                                                              • Finally, it is time for reading the plates on a suitable plate reader.

                                                              The BNP test assay identifies each microsphere and quantifies them through fluorescent reporter signals. These assays are highly sensitive, with sensitivity ranging from 37.5 pg/ml (overnight protocol) and 63.0 pg/ml (2hr protocol) for BNP and 18.8 pg/ml (overnight protocol) and 6.3 pg/ml (2hr protocol) for NT-proBNP along with a high accuracy of 99% for BNP and 97% NT-proBNP. 

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                                                              Where could I learn more about BNP Assay ?

                                                              Popular BNP resources for you to explore

                                                              Medical science is increasingly relying on both BNP and NT-proBNP levels for heart failure. Studies have observed that people undergoing drug therapies for heart failure, have lower levels of B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP. The BNP lab tests show that these levels may increase in patients with kidney disorders, as they are feeble in renal clearance.

                                                              It is important to understand B type natriuretic peptide function as both BNP and NT-proBNP levels increase with left ventricular dysfunction. We cannot compare them directly. Today, several clinical therapies are focusing on BNP and trying to exploit its functions for a potential therapeutic for heart failure.

                                                              Below are some recommended resources for further information on BNP and NT-proBNP.
                                                              https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16814-nt-prob-type-natriuretic-peptide-bnp
                                                              https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007509.htm
                                                              https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=bnp_blood

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